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What are the hallmarks of cancer?$ V) F) J, M3 R. t) O. T/ a
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Yuri Lazebnik& O7 d2 N) b/ @- r3 p- o4 V8 a. @
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A major goal of cancer research is to understand how to counteract mechanisms that underlie the ability of cancers to kill the patient or, in other words, to be malignant. To this end, the puzzling complexity of numerous and interrelated properties of cancers was distilled 10 years ago into “six essential alterations in cell physiology that collectively dictate malignant growth: self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory (antigrowth) signals, evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis), limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis” (Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg)1. |
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