扁桃体干细胞或可用于肝脏损伤治疗（附原文）

pailishi

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来源：生物谷 2014-09-26 19:44
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2014年9月26日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --研究表明肝脏对身体来说具有非常重要的作用，比如它能清除身体毒素。缺少肝脏对人体来说是致命的，如果它受到损害，相对来说是很难治愈的。但是科学家们发表在《ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 》杂志上的文章指出可以抽取扁桃体中的干细胞（这一部分是我们身体所不需要的）来修复受损肝脏器官，且全程无需动手术便可实施。1 |( e  j+ I" x" {) o  G& }

" \+ r/ `3 Z4 U; N9 _Byeongmoon Jeong 和他的同事们指出，在当前，治疗肝功能衰竭或肝病重病患者的唯一确证方法是完全或部分肝移植。但是肝脏供体实在太少以至于无法满足患病者的需求。再加之手术本身就存在风险并且费用十分昂贵，普通人无法承担这样的费用。
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有一种可供选择的治疗方法是肝细胞移植，比如说使用成人干细胞可生成肝细胞可用作肝细胞移植。还有一种来自骨髓的干细胞可以用来治疗疾病，但是这些干细胞有一定的局限性。
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: L; t' O% E6 ~7 O9 |+ B近日，科学家发现了另外一种治疗肝损伤疾病的来源，就是成人扁桃体干细胞。每年全世界都有大量的摘除扁桃体的手术，在术后扁桃体组织就会被丢弃。然而经研究发现，扁桃体有了一种新的用途就是治疗肝脏疾病，但是科学家需要让它们在三维支架上模拟真正的肝脏组织生长。研究人员即将着手进行这方面的研究。
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研究人员将扁桃体衍生干细胞用热敏感液体封装起来使它们变成与人体体温相当的胶状物。然后科学家在其中添加一些生长因子来促进干细胞变成肝细胞。之后加热该药物使之与正常人体体温相当，该药物最后变成立体的可生物降解的胶状物，这种胶状物就包含有生物功能的肝细胞。研究人员希望在将来能够实现这样一个愿望——希望不用进行手术就可以治疗肝脏疾病，也就是实现可注射组织工程技术的愿望。（生物谷Bioon.com）) a' h2 d& N) A! B

' Y, [9 f; l% s' b% O本文系生物谷原创编译整理，欢迎转载！转载请注明来源并附原文链接。谢谢！8 b+ y& b7 O% X2 l4 F$ E0 G: q8 i" d

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, y6 @" ?3 n+ H* m/ y* V) T: jdoi:10.1021/am504652y
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PMID:
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Polypeptide Thermogels as a Three Dimensional Culture Scaffold for Hepatogenic Differentiation of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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3 A" g9 G  z& x5 b/ uSeung-Jin Kim , Min Hee Park , Hyo Jung Moon , Jin Hye Park , Du Young Ko , and Byeongmoon Jeong *, p) b+ |  i) i& U9 l- I

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; u" D% X3 [" }/ V8 mTonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) were investigated for hepatogenic differentiation in the 3D matrixes of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-alanine) (PEG-L-PA) thermogel. The diblock polymer formed β-sheet based fibrous nanoassemblies in water, and the aqueous polymer solution undergoes sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increases in a concentration range of 5.0–8.0 wt %. The cell-encapsulated 3D matrix was prepared by increasing the temperature of the cell-suspended PEG-L-PA aqueous solution (6.0 wt %) to 37 °C. The gel modulus at 37 °C was about 1000 Pa, which was similar to that of decellularized liver tissue. Cell proliferation, changes in cell morphology, hepatogenic biomarker expressions, and hepatocyte-specific biofunctions were compared for the following 3D culture systems: TMSC-encapsulated thermogels in the absence of hepatogenic growth factors (protocol M), TMSC-encapsulated thermogels where hepatogenic growth factors were supplied from the medium (protocol MGF), and TMSC-encapsulated thermogels where hepatogenic growth factors were coencapsulated with TMSCs during the sol-to-gel transition (protocol GGF). The spherical morphology and size of the encapsulated cells were maintained in the M system during the 3D culture period of 28 days, whereas the cells changed their morphology and significant aggregation of cells was observed in the MGF and GGF systems. The hepatocyte-specific biomarker expressions and metabolic functions were negligible for the M system. However, hepatogenic genes of albumin, cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF 4α) were significantly expressed in both MGF and GGF systems. In addition, production of albumin and α-fetoprotein was also significantly observed in both MGF and GGF systems. The uptake of cardiogreen and low-density lipoprotein, typical metabolic functions of hepatocytes, was apparent for MGF and GGF. The above data indicate that the 3D culture system of PEG-L-PA thermogels provides cytocompatible microenvironments for hepatogenic differentiation of TMSCs. In particular, the successful results of the GGF system suggest that the PEG-L-PA thermogel can be a promising injectable tissue engineering system for liver tissue regeneration after optimizing the aqueous formulation of TMSCs, hepatogenic growth factors, and other biochemicals.6 T( D: [- u& k4 n) ^# E# a( `$ m
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