Circ Res心脏传导系统的发育文献（很好）

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Development of the Pacemaker Tissues of the Heart, @; g( a* `+ L
Vincent M. Christoffels, Gertien J. Smits, Andreas Kispert, Antoon F. M. Moorman
$ r5 i+ Z( B. |0 P: qPacemaker and conduction system myocytes play crucial roles in initiating and regulating the contraction of the: |9 v- ?7 C6 b/ h
cardiac chambers. Genetic defects, acquired diseases, and aging cause dysfunction of the pacemaker and
+ O5 r& K0 q) z( qconduction tissues, emphasizing the clinical necessity to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of
/ W+ P" U/ B/ j- |6 F( Qtheir development and homeostasis. Although all cardiac myocytes of the developing heart initially possess
- b+ @- W1 h# f- J  Ppacemaker properties, the majority differentiates into working myocardium. Only small populations of
4 j2 i% j) o+ g8 E; U, ?embryonic myocytes will form the sinus node and the atrioventricular node and bundle. Recent efforts have) _# @+ i; h. {9 B" m
revealed that the development of these nodal regions is achieved by highly localized suppression of working6 T. \2 O% y; A
muscle differentiation, and have identified transcriptional repressors that mediate this process. This review will
& V. l& {/ V2 J$ S+ B/ M. c! c+ ysummarize and reflect new experimental findings on the cellular origin and the molecular control of
( c. I& ^+ k! G( K2 x+ G+ P; h- ^: Ydifferentiation and morphogenesis of the pacemaker tissues of the heart. It will also shed light on the etiology of6 i0 n* T, o3 O2 b8 V2 p
inborn and acquired errors of nodal tissues. (Circ Res. 2010;106:240-254.)

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