Circ Res心脏传导系统的发育文献（很好）

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Development of the Pacemaker Tissues of the Heart
) P/ u5 H! @6 [! C, Q' F0 }Vincent M. Christoffels, Gertien J. Smits, Andreas Kispert, Antoon F. M. Moorman4 s/ v0 ~) |. T- L( }
Pacemaker and conduction system myocytes play crucial roles in initiating and regulating the contraction of the
% o8 D& c7 S' _1 }8 xcardiac chambers. Genetic defects, acquired diseases, and aging cause dysfunction of the pacemaker and, p+ M' G, _$ O  x$ |% ~& j& O
conduction tissues, emphasizing the clinical necessity to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of
9 p3 Z& l* B% r: Y& q) otheir development and homeostasis. Although all cardiac myocytes of the developing heart initially possess
: }2 h, ^& i$ @pacemaker properties, the majority differentiates into working myocardium. Only small populations of
, [4 U8 q4 g# E' h; C  ]embryonic myocytes will form the sinus node and the atrioventricular node and bundle. Recent efforts have! R+ M5 e# l; F0 |" L% I5 @
revealed that the development of these nodal regions is achieved by highly localized suppression of working
" V' T2 T: c: X: m) k- G; Wmuscle differentiation, and have identified transcriptional repressors that mediate this process. This review will! g, ~9 ^- [# i9 b
summarize and reflect new experimental findings on the cellular origin and the molecular control of9 J" k- H; T; d$ d
differentiation and morphogenesis of the pacemaker tissues of the heart. It will also shed light on the etiology of
1 O7 W9 A# U% @5 }+ f6 ]inborn and acquired errors of nodal tissues. (Circ Res. 2010;106:240-254.)

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