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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑
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7 V" ~$ k- w3 L& ^CONTENTS
6 ` X+ X6 P3 P7 cPreface I* D- q. [2 ~3 u, m" }
Part One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes5 c) i1 y8 ` l v# L( G
1. Introductory Concepts 3
3 Y7 x: n: c& t/ w5 \4 U; V6 q1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 34 T: Y' @; A6 ]0 J$ L' f5 C
1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 4
7 a) T8 \; `8 ~) {( _1.3 Cell Organization 5# M g( w2 ^" a/ h
1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6! O7 _1 U1 R+ ~9 @# X
1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 9% _2 {4 O- o( z1 D! {9 x" Z
1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10
5 A, z2 Z' S% F& g5 h: m4 n1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 11
: O$ E* R3 X/ K% i1 l" ^Review 130 u2 }& u3 W# g; y
2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 15
6 `. [0 }- d/ \; q2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15# b; M! M: s7 V9 t q
2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 16
$ N$ \" B9 ~' W7 a' N, v; H2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 178 }7 F' ~& I9 Q- P
2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 18
- T5 |9 M4 g1 T' c8 z+ r2.5 Describing DNA sizes 19- ^+ @& `* N, q% u# L' o
2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19
& ?8 c* f Q) |2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20& v7 o/ p0 U) Z) Q
Review 210 w( R$ g; P2 Z' V' F
Structures of Proteins 23
1 h7 o! Q4 l" i3 d! b3.1 Amino Acids 23
+ B1 o5 V. B) i3.2 The Peptide Bond 25
, L2 A/ j6 \7 f4 [3.3 Structural Organization 26
; t# D' I7 D5 h3.4 Postranslational Modification 27
1 B' c e0 W" q/ @3.5 Enzymes 287 K! U) q, O* [7 _1 M" R" M6 D
Review 30
1 d3 H7 A) |4 g8 g9 |' e4 i3 @The Genetic Process 31
# I' r5 ~( B$ \9 p/ u4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31/ a4 Q' q" I$ A
4.2 Transcription 315 z! q7 A3 z- [! E# x
4.3 Translation 32
j$ e6 l! r0 X4.4 The Genetic Code 33
/ N, w+ R) z/ E. m/ V) E0 L/ K$ @' E4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 34" Q2 B2 E/ I- N( k( Z
4.6. The Reading Frame 35
5 t0 K" {" y6 J1 ^4.7 DNA Replication 379 W" b5 e8 a! Y6 [: @1 n! u
4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 38
' J; t# e7 L5 G) q( `9 |$ A6 f4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 39* U) q/ o0 P* \( }
Review 391 I/ I3 \- b8 W- a
Organization of Genes 41
! L6 C4 e2 I: ^6 S, g! ]. O8 ]5.1 The Lactose Operon 41* k% J& v) x8 C e; _1 D5 I. \3 v# h% i
5.2 Control of Transcription 42
- j( r( a6 Q+ ~! r5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 421 @/ ~; H2 ?: t. ]* x; y& ?
5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44
& j# R0 f) b& C2 p# j8 @ h1 Z6 K8 E5.3. Control of Translation 46
# y0 Q- t+ k+ c& K: u4 A2 A# A5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46' f' ~, G6 C( I+ S; C9 @2 C
5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 47
# d/ k) I& @- b5 F1 O% n t& L5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 474 L9 r" C! K m/ Z% Q" Z
5.4.1 Co-repressor 48. M- |, A. k2 \: r
5.4.2 Attenuation 48
; w( p# W: W! g5 H* {/ q' t5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 49$ ]( D$ i1 c2 v: M
5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 492 D: c4 i/ D; K: z" r$ N. ?
5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 491 H" u( y9 x0 ]0 F+ I5 m
5.5.2 Introns and Exons 510 ^, g6 d, K' B2 Z+ N1 C3 Y( d
5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52
% U. Z, X& |: @2 `% v5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52; c% g7 s; D" w$ E* k7 z' u
5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 521 M; X' e/ A( D5 E2 B$ D: Z5 }
Review 60# x4 X5 q2 v8 {- |1 B! ~# G' D
6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 559 Z* M3 Y: ?, f* l
6.1 The E. coli dut gene 55. p, u \& }9 k- y: A0 u
6.2 The human bgn gene 58* L8 B) f+ Q) I; @- O" m
6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58
9 o. V4 b# Q. X) Y+ O! W6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 620 k; e0 G1 y/ Z
Part Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning
* \' i# Y/ ~+ W+ M0 Z5 N5 E# q' j7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 69 q L, [8 ?) ^+ X# l* y
7.1 Restriction Enzymes 69
# j! Y" r. m( h+ h7.2 Ligase 70: l: m* ~5 H/ {$ d& I/ d
7.3 DNA Polymerases 714 A/ P& `* o& d8 [& D. |/ j# s
7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 71/ Y" O7 {: M4 T1 N
7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 73
. E5 j: v) C! D% }0 H \7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 74& z, ]. |5 a. b0 I) N+ `% l
7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 74
$ o- s9 |/ U( S8 ~* X6 }; J7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 74+ |: G9 P& R% ]4 B
Review 75
- c- _8 Z! f5 E5 o9 o8. Techniques Used in Cloning 77
. v# W5 X) Q) o+ H( j C; v5 K8.1 DNA Isolation
0 H# ]8 r4 |4 [! Z7 d0 @8.2 Gel Electrophoresis1 |; u8 `5 Q. }" u
8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
) L8 {; X5 _7 j. ] U1 q% \8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
0 `+ d* D6 c( H8.3 Wester Blot
( f7 O4 ]- J% B( t0 m8.4 Southern Transfer' |. w# o, m. u/ B7 _8 Q
8.5 Colony Blot
9 O# A+ S; s- I# V8.6 Hybridization0 R. u$ z( O) L8 [* T2 R) Q3 T
8.7 Immunological Techniques
6 i1 @) V; Y7 c4 T; g R9 Q' ^8.8 DNA Sequencing
# q ~ A+ c. W2 g2 `8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction8 L7 u- `* `6 h4 L2 g
8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis
" @& w" |; ]4 t8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods8 Q$ L- h/ @/ [
Review7 J( N' s9 c6 s! I9 N" ?
Cloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells3 D, l3 E( X6 c! G4 @
9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells' Z# Y& l1 |; l, X. {
9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 93
& K3 r2 s& s8 H0 K* ~, Q9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 99
; X: l' D7 D" u# K- I! E0 D9.1.3 Cosmids 104# J9 \3 G+ h3 P9 `6 h& b# V6 [
9.1.4 Phagemids 105
# v/ v6 \& y/ `& W, j9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 1065 U" ~5 I" k1 _! V& }8 s
9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 1064 V1 j6 N+ G9 O* n+ H
9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 108# @2 }# k% u5 R3 L5 G
9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109: e z3 o% e' l* F- @
9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 110
7 h. r% \& o4 Z0 A9.3.3 Genetic Markers 111
5 E' ?. g) ?2 U- s$ K9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 113
# y- `8 D$ a6 R8 l9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 114
8 w) {6 ^! A6 F2 m3 c( a9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 1145 O& g% D" K) r3 `3 q1 e& U
9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 116
: Z/ {4 j7 h$ a: m3 I9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 117
! p" t) B/ P$ K5 v( W/ ]9.4.4 Retrovirus 121% ?) D! \' S6 R+ g* w* x
Review 123# }/ K; h! @( `: H6 X4 I5 ~
10. Transformation 125
- g4 Q( r0 _. ?% q# y# x* @ I5 m10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 125
3 I9 c2 D4 d0 ?0 v" A; P' B10.2 Electroporation 126
- t9 w+ b/ E, M! L10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 126
. d! r4 S B! N+ i1 M1 o10.4 The Biolistic Process 126
6 o# t1 j2 N3 G6 }: u" M, `10.5 Viral Transfection 127
6 m. F$ F6 g$ X10.6 Microinjection 127" W9 h7 f# b3 e8 r9 I# A0 r7 ]
10.7 Nuclear Transfer 128
( S, u( G8 v4 n [, }. XReview 129
) B- f6 U6 H2 D- E# D4 `6 d# m11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 131
$ s; B( A' L. n! \. x: C6 V/ `11.1 The Genome Library 131
# a$ |+ v' q/ U4 s/ c; p9 Y11.2 The cDNA Library 1327 R. E; m0 H6 w1 u) D; S. z
11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 1343 m+ @" K" W- M: u& k" u
Review 134
, C: M) @# g! L. R; APart Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture% q% Z6 W) w9 a" Q4 w! K
12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137. B" w( `6 D4 U2 c
12.1 Antisense RNA 137
$ \. Z0 z# t9 k, k& g, E12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 139) |% Q; q4 c7 g2 Z$ b; I, ?
Review 141
" e5 K: t, T! A4 S6 X7 z13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity" I6 s& L" a- P. ~) s" i! E' |
13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 143) w4 ~# ^# I s4 F- V( u
13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 143! d& a' e% } A$ j" L
13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
/ ~ n( I6 o( E13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144
* o c7 r& A, t% L N13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 144
- [; J# H0 D# U; Y, HReview 145
9 ` O$ w8 T) L1 P' l, |14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 147
' K/ V' q* k, }+ R15.
' Q3 F% U* E. f) D1 a14.1 Glyphosate) n# Y& \5 h$ h$ c+ e% [( w
14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene$ _) J. s4 b C
Review
O. K2 Z, o" VGrowth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish
C: `: k: o) e' k y$ [" z15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish" Z! [% e* T1 G% S: v
15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth
" E& V/ T/ l. y: V1 a2 _- W& a6 Z; uHormone Gene
5 x2 T9 r3 L7 d6 D4 `, g2 DReview
& o: S$ O; O! N, w3 n( k. u: p6 V# TPart Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine
4 y$ a, o- \0 q6 E7 J16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 1591 K G* e9 h" u1 F
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 159
, z# v; T5 p3 ?, B% |" {16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 160
" y; I3 P# a9 S+ x! v$ @6 vReview 161
6 K) n, P8 [* p17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 1637 a9 I0 d& n/ D- W, o; v" u5 O
17.1 Genetic Linkage 163
* i& u4 l! R/ B! K17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 164: l' F4 }' ^/ B- `' f6 S5 D- K
17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165
# F: w' A C x* ]$ Q17.2 Positional Cloning 165
3 j) t6 m1 W! M$ E17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 1661 w& Y; Y0 _+ _, ^7 z2 e; \* w
17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 167
H& G2 N1 R0 K( M- D2 S3 |17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 167
! G) @/ a. a, d9 g' k' e3 c# a17.3 Exon Amplification 168' I0 L& p9 D' R+ Z! j% V
17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 169: o3 \ } @) ]9 I# T- v
Review 1702 s5 c" c3 _8 h! B" D3 O5 C
18. Human Gene Therapy 171
8 C, D& c% l# p18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 172
( m# H8 ^& }: r1 R6 Y, q18.2 Biological Methods 173
/ H! M0 ^$ U: x9 Z- |" w ^7 |+ \6 R18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173
0 r) x7 G, R" t( u8 K7 b- E1 L18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 1733 h0 m* u( y. f( S
18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined0 D% z9 {% Z" T. T6 m
Immune Deficiency 174. x# s1 V" |' |' S. u
18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 175
$ }( _# z2 c: y2 E18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 176 `! w# h, ?/ H8 Z& k
18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 176- {0 P p( |6 ~* ^' ?. U7 M8 `
Review 176. X: w) e# d$ b* p1 n& a
19. Gene Targeting 179
$ r$ _2 I6 x" Z5 a1 V19.1 Recombination 179
0 C8 o* F( m% Q$ d$ n0 S19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 180
7 d }" m& {/ i+ q' P5 n19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 182
2 ~1 \! s# Y5 o- H4 z8 G0 ~7 \19.3.1 The PCR Method 1820 ]! ?: D8 I9 m3 V
19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 183) r% J6 V( P& F$ C4 a n
19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183$ |) u' o( d, Z* k& E6 M+ J
19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 184( y' X: p/ t3 {
Review 186
4 ~( \$ A* K- A# |20. DNA Typing 187( m6 p& N/ [; Y C# ]
20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 1872 F9 X) ?1 }, U+ M* E
20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 188
5 I/ x9 L& ]8 y20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 1893 G" { I0 f. W+ C! |7 d; ^# y* V$ u* L
20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 1909 Q, l- U' s1 N/ n
20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191
% S2 a! }' J) _$ _20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 192
H: s+ h2 l& N" y/ V6 j20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 193
8 b- N& p5 q% b# ]6 x6 ^Review 196
2 c! M7 Q( t* u& f21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical
. N) g+ [% _. R9 [Products 1976 P9 e) a+ C: {1 R. j+ w7 H& k
21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic3 x) v* N5 i( I3 E7 B/ T# _( V! M, F
Animals 198
1 O: ]& a' @" s, r8 H5 D9 w7 N1 I21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198
7 p/ j! W% ?- T! |& n+ X M1 L& QReview 199, f3 s, u3 U0 @7 ^2 ^6 x
22. Animal Cloning 201
* Z) X4 N' w) T5 K22.1 Cell Differentiation 201# ?+ A, x0 T- C/ g# C
22.2 Nuclear Transfer 2020 H: ?3 V8 I- _& _7 K8 g
22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 203
, H. {) ~1 ~1 P6 i- u: Y4 U9 W4 z5 rReview 204: e$ z6 Q+ Y& t3 S
23. Human Genome Sequencing 205
1 w0 Q4 k8 F/ s* m4 J6 ^* k23.1 Genetic Maps 205
! B$ ]& E7 O$ _+ ]5 ?23.1.1 DNA Markers 206$ t* }9 A2 O: h8 f
23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 206
. K2 @5 `& i8 h; {23.2 Physical Maps 207
9 K6 v4 h" B0 _ W23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 207
! s$ m1 Z3 }$ ]4 V0 \4 }8 h23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 208
# r! O. Q; Z9 r% ^, `8 _' E7 h/ O23.2.3 Clone Libraries 208! ?. ^( n/ E: n/ b7 t5 O
23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209
, m4 M; I5 v; b23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 210
9 r) ?2 l3 D: t5 `- I! n23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 211; ~/ x. x% ]9 U+ P x, d3 t: g
23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 2116 I' F+ `' s' U& Z- Q
23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212
( {& d5 l9 x% I* f8 s) CReview 213
( A) P, R5 j8 lReferences 215
6 ?3 F) l! U" j# q) h# S' cIndex 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
