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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑 4 F0 s$ |, F4 }3 O/ Q
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4 Q; U$ P. M+ j! ~+ G& oCONTENTS1 c( B; s2 d ^" ]
Preface
" d6 C/ d: n# w/ ^1 O/ v/ J2 dPart One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes
9 s& Q/ p# H! X$ e1. Introductory Concepts 3
6 P9 m% t# f8 X x K1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 3
$ [- b% t: H0 \6 J8 Z" [5 L, _3 N1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 4
' P! a, ~1 _& Q* f3 L5 C* }7 h1.3 Cell Organization 50 }0 X; B& X3 V7 z8 c2 i
1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6) O+ `6 t% o. H% k* C' [6 x0 M9 }
1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 98 b2 y: f1 D8 a8 V6 t$ y' b% p
1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10/ @3 n, K: l/ b1 B; c0 Q
1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 11
' `3 Z" n6 G6 r0 IReview 13
+ B- ^7 X& R' h2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 153 e6 z* g+ v, x0 Q7 X' ^# }
2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15* m. A# x# q; X6 @
2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 16
2 Q, Y# Y6 u3 n3 O6 T0 `2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 17
2 m: b' j/ o9 Z6 S2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 18
. g4 q6 w* S* C( A2.5 Describing DNA sizes 19
7 d Z. ]! l7 z6 S) S2 j2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19 I6 |: s) X7 \9 h; p( q" r
2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20
d$ Y2 F4 i+ DReview 21; E2 B' c, c3 ?% ?2 a. M
Structures of Proteins 23
/ D, W- [% n7 }; ]# r' D3.1 Amino Acids 23
; D- y4 k) o F( C5 M3.2 The Peptide Bond 25
& i, R. _) D! e s0 b/ \5 P8 T+ ]3.3 Structural Organization 261 s& X/ V/ W Z, }7 G+ D5 {' ]' J
3.4 Postranslational Modification 27
; X. s+ ^5 b5 D$ o k* u) b3.5 Enzymes 281 i/ |" g% n( K* G N5 g
Review 30' a8 \( n2 \1 S9 o4 A$ P
The Genetic Process 31
5 J+ Y4 Y/ n; c& M# @ n' U4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31, K& U% I' t% ]* K+ C, x
4.2 Transcription 31
- ]; l& V5 p: e6 }# F4.3 Translation 32
( W/ H4 w: b! e' X g4.4 The Genetic Code 333 I7 Y8 E- j* A5 P# a0 o
4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 34, @* x& t* N& x% A$ h& Z
4.6. The Reading Frame 35- z7 P2 R5 R/ Z4 N
4.7 DNA Replication 37. r c4 r: S/ `. S* r- S* z- |
4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 38* c3 B: l; S6 d" Z5 p# u& P
4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 39) c$ a0 O- k+ |6 \& O! x2 V5 F. S
Review 39
1 n) y5 x9 ^4 U% }5 W. COrganization of Genes 41; K+ z* A5 u0 o" k8 l. P
5.1 The Lactose Operon 41
) m- h, |/ v8 f5.2 Control of Transcription 42
% C: P9 p `6 _' A5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 426 G2 X$ P& {& m4 Z; y' z0 L4 [, y/ y
5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44
3 P, z: }8 H9 t5.3. Control of Translation 46% y% \8 s, [( t
5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46
6 w& [7 x. Y2 w3 W n% T5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 472 n- i9 t- v. |: E- D
5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 47( T. B5 q% p: Z7 D
5.4.1 Co-repressor 481 f( o2 w. h; R6 [
5.4.2 Attenuation 48
1 U8 L; L0 ?" R9 \: \$ z5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 49. u' P* K! I. e3 S
5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 498 g/ k' W5 s# t2 b" j* ^8 `
5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 49
3 B" I c# S- a" {& K' Q5.5.2 Introns and Exons 51
# R$ g; W1 J s) O$ F( @* @5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52
- z$ Q" z; {- @ G% ^) f7 J" w5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52
0 O4 U) _7 Q* ~: O2 { A( T I5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 52
$ Y0 a* i( q; K/ |( U0 YReview 60
/ h7 O& A& _, @1 h2 z6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 55* x$ v4 Q) e2 N% H# k
6.1 The E. coli dut gene 559 I9 Z$ x/ h. h; t7 g2 f! y
6.2 The human bgn gene 58# W. P7 B# O) \& G
6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58
% i7 [* R, E8 b7 o' M7 r9 x6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 62
& T3 M1 _) F4 y$ v6 X6 }0 \Part Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning
% C, P( f' b- H1 M- ?7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 691 E3 G6 K6 H) |7 N/ H8 }
7.1 Restriction Enzymes 69) a) n6 r: l& n, t/ W- H* s2 ~
7.2 Ligase 704 e% M c" ~& R9 c1 s( G7 n
7.3 DNA Polymerases 715 X5 G( G7 b( `: Z1 T2 [
7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 71
: ?; w6 n% @2 J$ y0 m7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 73
, J# L5 o6 ^& ~ s7 _; g, x7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 74
' w8 a, t: R1 X0 G5 M7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 74; c; A7 @2 M! x( l
7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 741 ?% ~1 k3 p/ I' A5 D/ x0 G
Review 75! z3 o* `9 n* p: d0 X/ m, u
8. Techniques Used in Cloning 774 _) Q/ M* B. ]0 J8 X
8.1 DNA Isolation9 r$ l6 a7 V" |7 N7 X6 `
8.2 Gel Electrophoresis
' a- a& [( k6 ~3 `% d1 ~+ Y4 b8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis3 {# j! d) o. N/ f; G+ l$ b
8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis% Z0 ?! [8 v/ i$ i2 L+ c
8.3 Wester Blot" |- W5 b9 a9 F8 z+ p1 `
8.4 Southern Transfer
0 ~5 U8 [: Q, E8 I9 l/ W' p8.5 Colony Blot1 k4 X" Q; H9 K# [0 m& Q
8.6 Hybridization+ v: u% R3 V* Q+ [; m! o& S& t: B
8.7 Immunological Techniques
, e) H3 e4 m) V0 m: Q- E/ M; F) x8.8 DNA Sequencing
. e0 ]! X3 @' r6 ~0 _ N8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction. b0 _& N- J' u0 X
8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis
% }) b" J& `* ~- } X9 \8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods7 B8 R n& P9 J. {
Review* k( W; U) l2 C1 _( Q# c& ~/ p, @
Cloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells
3 N+ Q* ~/ x; U$ o5 t9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells
4 d( }( Y2 J9 H0 |9 a9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 93* f0 ^& L$ I* d9 r9 i
9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 99
& o' X$ C- U: t3 z+ Y/ c% Q1 x9.1.3 Cosmids 1046 e( M& V l1 S4 `4 V: ^- c
9.1.4 Phagemids 105
, q* X6 q4 d4 b+ Y9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 1064 h7 l6 \) W% x( n& @, E6 M% y, ?
9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 106
! i; d2 Q8 L# K: h: f; A9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 108
5 R0 |* ^# z8 L" N* O1 I9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109
) b. Y6 k: @' i5 z* V9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 110
8 f7 M( p/ G+ D3 H3 C0 w! C9.3.3 Genetic Markers 111% o4 D1 I( Y2 S7 K9 Z4 f
9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 113
- M+ a' }5 z1 a0 D9 P2 k9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 114
: k! J+ k1 w) v$ g9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 114+ E/ @3 n* W+ @! X; B/ \
9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 116
& d+ ? W! ]* H# X" _ [# X+ h2 I9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 1171 U. n4 O& f, z% ]9 ~
9.4.4 Retrovirus 121
" i8 A' p" x8 Q, A/ NReview 123# l5 R! J' A$ ?$ s8 S; E
10. Transformation 125( h2 d8 S( n/ n2 l! p; p
10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 125
2 d2 |, X4 r+ Z6 a10.2 Electroporation 1262 ?8 K: Q5 P- W/ E3 D7 h
10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 1263 v! ?3 V. H) q/ ?! c3 J
10.4 The Biolistic Process 126
9 N& L6 {9 C B; ]8 S) v3 @10.5 Viral Transfection 127. o$ x# h- p* _* x6 p; z
10.6 Microinjection 127
9 C+ J; ?8 g- I1 ?0 r- M5 V) ?10.7 Nuclear Transfer 128$ ?7 T, K1 B- S4 h
Review 129/ b4 c% l# ]; I6 v( [5 N
11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 131
' ^: B- U& S* y11.1 The Genome Library 131& b' G- A( Y- i$ u: l
11.2 The cDNA Library 132% F- X. [ u1 h7 u9 T1 q
11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 134
7 c/ ~) e6 j+ J9 L2 @9 `& YReview 134
+ D b: t( V0 q# z8 N% i/ g! uPart Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture
* H, X' T) v; I3 f8 H12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137
; J# u9 T) \* J/ _$ Q9 h T12.1 Antisense RNA 137
4 W2 E+ q$ `+ G" L) A @12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 1391 z* R5 x/ H0 ^& W
Review 1414 K+ F0 G$ B7 i6 G K
13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity
: p0 |/ v1 E' J D13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 143' ]5 p& a( R! P2 k, _3 G
13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 143
* z7 D2 s" \) s3 O13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
$ o! R; |) M) f/ Y3 i/ ?' P13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144% u) e9 q0 L. B) m
13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 1447 r W2 [- m2 D% Q5 }8 e) t5 v
Review 145- @: p( [' z4 N7 m9 G7 l1 j9 U/ L
14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 147) D7 S) q0 }! h. G4 B- ]4 r
15.2 w) c. W3 R2 [- U( `/ d/ `: [- }% y
14.1 Glyphosate
5 n }' c- z0 w7 u14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene$ h6 e) t( z$ S) m
Review
; c& b9 ]- S% JGrowth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish) z# D( o) I7 t5 e; y; P& n7 A# g
15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish
" g, g5 l: x" u8 \15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth
8 k6 R* X' L3 O$ b+ b6 yHormone Gene- g0 y# @* `% d/ w1 S& ?; Z
Review0 g8 C; J, b: v
Part Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine& C: L: y& n# ~, F9 c
16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 159# l& g! b7 R* b4 w
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 1592 T( w" t% u9 h1 n
16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 160( Z5 @' b; u! B8 _% }! y) O! P
Review 161
7 _) \, @. K3 T" p/ g+ O- n' `3 s) y; ?17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 163
7 s6 B0 R' [' L; _17.1 Genetic Linkage 163/ D5 q* i' ~$ j5 K! O; S0 U2 S: ~% f
17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 164
9 {6 i/ ?3 J( E17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165& L1 t1 U3 Z7 a- y
17.2 Positional Cloning 165
) }, U7 K' b D0 Y I3 E& {/ r17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 1668 C) B& f2 l- m# \
17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 167" I0 Y0 |. C: y" j5 n+ a
17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 1676 C9 ?- z) d6 G
17.3 Exon Amplification 1681 v1 d# h9 A# P+ J" U) t( G# W9 y
17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 169( g: ?7 W6 l5 Y2 x2 A
Review 170
y8 c% z" W9 T2 F# M8 B18. Human Gene Therapy 171
+ ], Z9 I1 l5 c( G" v18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 172$ p1 v( |/ Y9 i
18.2 Biological Methods 1732 U& n7 F7 v# P' q
18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173
7 ]; E: C1 |1 b18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 173
+ ~# \1 w, w; P! I+ b- G18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined
. p4 M2 y+ O& n; M! t- E: vImmune Deficiency 174
% W3 @% p( k/ Q6 w18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 1757 F) i1 n* B( X& I: M. d
18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 176- }' m. u; F: g5 g
18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 176- R) T" |" H/ ~8 L) X* Q
Review 176
: U# k4 S" F5 _; s+ b$ O" r19. Gene Targeting 179
1 n q* C% I: K8 L1 ^; E+ @: S19.1 Recombination 179
: C5 I& Z% l' A0 L, I! V+ D19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 180$ A- O- y0 h: l1 P" ^# ^
19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 182
; R% d% t5 c6 B4 p* ]8 x7 X' {19.3.1 The PCR Method 182
( G7 d4 c$ ^4 ]: t0 K5 o7 Q19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 183
' v. N; m2 B) U, d8 A/ U19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183
. N+ A$ X) U$ X( m0 J19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 1848 s2 U3 J9 E$ V1 d+ P
Review 186 f$ t$ T! Q$ y* g. g, P8 g, q
20. DNA Typing 187$ j( A) M5 c" ]- E$ l$ {
20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 187
, D. D+ v* O! F6 f. h, r20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 188
; ^: c% c! R8 l g20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 189
% q6 Q. z$ y- o& Q20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 190
, O3 t- D! K7 c! ?6 f6 Y( d% X: I20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191$ t9 J6 }4 \3 V. W
20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 192
4 O+ b; `9 O. D6 K" R20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 193
) |6 C Y" B+ O" |/ t! V' S/ BReview 196
3 W- j8 V) T9 ?8 W21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical0 f, n$ Z* [7 ^6 } U% y
Products 197- e! W( |8 D9 W+ Z A' ?+ K
21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic
( g- H& M s, A4 u4 TAnimals 1987 D& p: c$ C6 O! q A
21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198
: A* v- E1 g0 R0 v3 ~9 w- _# {Review 199& [8 L7 r* |* x0 D
22. Animal Cloning 201( e$ h* b4 H R5 o# W
22.1 Cell Differentiation 201, P6 Q% _2 C0 z4 }/ n; k% u/ G
22.2 Nuclear Transfer 2023 F! h$ V/ ]3 z" _
22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 2030 S! `8 _; C! C; w' L. _( ]2 p- w6 G
Review 204
1 m, r. c: Q- n1 I [/ t+ a: ^7 j23. Human Genome Sequencing 205
6 V6 ^, f: E7 S; K0 V: t' j6 O23.1 Genetic Maps 205
+ \& }2 o- D+ z" [23.1.1 DNA Markers 2067 ~ ~" @5 E& o7 k( y8 X9 E
23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 2065 ~ A7 y6 J+ X' o
23.2 Physical Maps 207
+ j9 c N" r$ M3 b0 Z2 l% D23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 207
* g& r+ q& E% q5 ^' M23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 208/ N# u: z, T2 A/ e; q: m
23.2.3 Clone Libraries 208& n4 z& i. Z, B& z/ m" m* ]
23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209/ Q+ U% v! P! M) V4 {
23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 210
4 c% M- a. P- ^* v23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 211
3 T: X# P: a {! q0 b. y6 p! S23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 211
1 l4 E, U! h$ k) |23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212
+ [/ F" Y- o( ~* [9 oReview 213
+ t4 F/ G- U2 M# f2 l: T' F: TReferences 2151 n6 [, [) C+ F& p" p$ l% \
Index 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
