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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑
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' @$ H. P* Q$ I# m6 |# I" x: ]; ~CONTENTS) P9 W Q4 c* v9 N9 T
Preface
1 }5 {+ W5 U3 p! V+ SPart One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes, ]- ^: L6 R( ^0 f' p2 U
1. Introductory Concepts 3
" W) L3 M* |2 d2 h- f1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 3# C2 M' x# V1 P; L" U! @
1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 4
0 {0 Z2 b, Z0 w# V* U; T- A1.3 Cell Organization 5
6 }( }# i6 T) S8 g1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6. i$ _7 v* f% v% k
1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 9
, B* G T G4 m/ q1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10
2 Q8 X( _/ R( Q+ F1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 11% A5 ~- N6 v) F
Review 13
# M) k( v7 m$ u4 p6 H* |2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 15
2 ^8 v% s' `- Y9 x: ]( Z) c2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15& R& d3 \& l" `. ]- ^3 J
2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 160 M: @# A6 E: k2 f: G" l
2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 17) I4 b! u- h7 s& K
2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 18
/ X d- Z5 R/ x; U; u5 N8 k2.5 Describing DNA sizes 197 r. d" o9 c% j4 Y. s" d# l
2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19
1 h/ s' O g) Y# W- ~6 a' x- c4 i2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20
0 Q: g0 w* A, O: _Review 21
% j; } {3 ]) c- EStructures of Proteins 23' p1 e3 ?; C7 C# P
3.1 Amino Acids 23
* l |; ?0 L- a% @- p5 \: o3.2 The Peptide Bond 255 k! O. j4 Q+ P) x' q F8 O; F
3.3 Structural Organization 26' I& V6 z/ l. b
3.4 Postranslational Modification 27
- q5 R2 ], V$ Y; v' P3.5 Enzymes 28- @) B1 ~. n8 c! p% b6 s
Review 30
. `: Y, [2 W: A6 }0 e% `The Genetic Process 312 Q' ^$ t$ v2 k; B# G6 [
4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31# J9 |/ h" A' E7 e/ M
4.2 Transcription 314 j; ~& ^7 H) Z
4.3 Translation 32
9 r. T2 F5 a: l( L( r: D# G4.4 The Genetic Code 33
( K& x& L; k9 u! X& o' a4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 34
* T) B! a/ K+ M6 q7 z4.6. The Reading Frame 35* X6 K d( o- s
4.7 DNA Replication 37
; _5 Y$ { l' _) m4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 38
: h) D% {3 y, [' Q8 v4 }4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 39
! D6 n) ~3 A& BReview 392 F0 i/ ?: {$ {! w
Organization of Genes 41
, f7 G5 T6 a- h& M5.1 The Lactose Operon 41" G @4 {! S& l* W
5.2 Control of Transcription 42% Z, x6 P/ J# ^
5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 42- E( @/ R) V, J0 F2 m; W( j+ k2 z& x
5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44" h) x! V3 U3 F6 @' m$ n3 k
5.3. Control of Translation 460 ?8 k! D( |& M3 P2 d! g
5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46
6 t& f# \/ W- D* x2 a, F6 W5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 47; _6 |! \: q6 ]5 ~8 G
5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 47
6 \2 v; [7 b8 j* r1 w @5.4.1 Co-repressor 482 H4 n6 j% O/ N) j
5.4.2 Attenuation 48
6 W5 B+ z6 o9 w8 y5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 499 [. m! _4 W/ f
5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 49
+ C- `4 I* h3 [! d5 _ h* Z5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 49& O" ]# ]+ p& Q: R. Y9 T6 M# V
5.5.2 Introns and Exons 51& t. h9 T4 B2 G$ f
5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52
6 a: c( R+ U6 q6 s/ u; [! o* ^* C5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52
~2 B8 o6 @2 h9 w/ m3 b5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 52
* H+ i# i& }9 q+ Q WReview 60
2 P+ b, s* s' `" @8 n6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 55
% _% e( x$ p; e7 ~; I+ S$ s6.1 The E. coli dut gene 55
, R, j) x: f- u4 D; D& |. f. k+ k6.2 The human bgn gene 58
v4 T% y6 X6 t/ z: A2 c6 r" M( |6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58+ K6 |0 b( w7 ^' A/ T. u
6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 62 `$ U# e a9 m, b }( X6 k" m1 Y: e
Part Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning$ q1 t7 y) u* _+ W) \4 |6 E
7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 69
( W2 Z" i/ m* _7 \7.1 Restriction Enzymes 69" p) {6 l# w: v3 m4 f+ q& z
7.2 Ligase 70* R: x. j) a1 u
7.3 DNA Polymerases 71
, E1 m; v U% r7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 71) Q$ @, D5 L4 W4 n" Q( {5 U8 e
7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 73
, r* r( F1 Y7 [- I7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 747 E% m3 F) y5 Q) H
7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 74( O, T/ U2 _! w% g+ c$ @( }
7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 74
* X% v0 D. I% N5 y" NReview 75
1 A/ J u8 B! }$ {- Y( o6 O8. Techniques Used in Cloning 776 r6 o5 j# ~3 e! l6 S
8.1 DNA Isolation
4 \' N6 }: @+ v3 ~; t$ J* v8.2 Gel Electrophoresis
! ? A# `. P0 I# w8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
5 ?% {" _# Y& J; h5 R" N8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
/ l/ a9 L! \ A, o7 r: ?- {; k8.3 Wester Blot$ u R- n" J0 A$ M& T1 E4 B+ v3 a
8.4 Southern Transfer
: D3 ^7 s: @ B: n# D1 }8.5 Colony Blot
& D4 @6 ?: h% `" O) B W& c$ p2 ?8.6 Hybridization
- G, n/ ^* K$ u6 A' ~0 A+ v8.7 Immunological Techniques
) h/ E+ X- I% ^6 d7 {( w4 D8 {- g. ^8.8 DNA Sequencing8 ]5 ~ k4 k: n1 z M* ]9 Z- ?
8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction
7 W3 R- a& m$ m9 H8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis9 Z1 ?, \( v& r
8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods. ?* V; r! J, X
Review' l: \$ ^% P( s1 S
Cloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells
! J _& C- q: s0 v1 E) |9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells
/ N6 N; ?& \3 h" z. Z8 m# i9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 93
9 d g1 O: E" I9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 99- o# @8 t. q% e6 Q) }
9.1.3 Cosmids 104
, p& b% ?' z- v" E& ?& {0 g- p: a9.1.4 Phagemids 105( z! N7 d8 Q8 G0 e# E" \, ^ w7 `. a
9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 106
" v1 Y. S7 {6 q4 g* B. O9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 106/ p9 G' A( t7 ?! P) x# d7 d8 Z3 Z
9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 108
* Q2 k2 J. S( h! M$ v% @9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109
7 E% x, g5 y% d9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 110
4 e6 E) H4 B% J. X( w/ ]5 b9.3.3 Genetic Markers 111
4 w( a P2 Q6 ?9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 113
% L' s% l3 ^% ?& @+ H9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 114
5 `% U4 M3 Y* w2 Y( b3 A5 T9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 114
3 @5 k4 Q' m$ y/ @) K9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 1169 w+ a$ ^7 E& p8 I
9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 117
% q7 ~/ A; X' e* b! }% Y9.4.4 Retrovirus 121
# L6 u- y: b3 r" T( v$ pReview 123. E, g7 T7 N: s$ j, z
10. Transformation 125
7 ^( O, v* @- }) {10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 125# V; E6 @# k8 j' s. l
10.2 Electroporation 126+ L2 f9 V+ `, X' L: U2 {. r0 T* I
10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 126
7 |) ]& ]3 n0 s. G1 C( f O10.4 The Biolistic Process 126
1 G' H% ~" V' a0 J: M/ X2 i) Y10.5 Viral Transfection 127
3 _9 T0 V+ H( d- X10.6 Microinjection 127
( A& o6 |7 S$ H; U4 y10.7 Nuclear Transfer 128
0 _; G2 ]+ z' P) q& [- o( `* o. SReview 129
- }( o* T3 x) W; Q11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 131! Z, l' g w+ A S& z
11.1 The Genome Library 131$ K; i. ?' z4 G5 \8 N: i+ H
11.2 The cDNA Library 132
! n- |! ^3 D% L/ E+ _3 A( I3 D11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 1342 M4 k: R( U- {% z# z; h
Review 134
& [; @6 {. r0 {+ E, jPart Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture* z( n3 E6 q, n- R+ c
12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137) v( B7 \- x1 R# o& y s0 v
12.1 Antisense RNA 137
- z4 k0 L& o1 T; U3 g6 U0 J12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 139
. `0 U2 H! O7 LReview 141
- K0 D l5 d8 a8 e6 h13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity
8 T3 \1 C7 l$ p9 Q# ^ i V13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 1434 j8 ?9 N% X. ?
13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 143
* {2 c* l) S; e2 _5 a13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
- P- ^- k' x6 D; K13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144
) z$ {: l7 ?: n. v4 E4 G+ ~( N13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 144
I) x5 i% W3 \+ fReview 145
# |8 Q- M! G. K1 \& r$ A14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 147& ~0 }6 y B9 }7 o
15.
7 v( \/ d! U- d% j14.1 Glyphosate
( |; d% @$ Z0 ?9 |; Y8 t& G2 R14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene
& Q- y! Z4 i' t- ZReview
% \# v' O" a0 ]% zGrowth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish
0 T$ S' k; ?; B) I6 }6 X15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish
: w3 d6 k b) L3 U0 C: q15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth/ R4 M, W% Q. U0 e
Hormone Gene
' O+ x5 h! C- u. |- oReview
! F, b0 y; y( G1 kPart Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine
9 s2 v& o8 r+ J3 y1 X, h16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 1590 M: e) r# f [- Z1 x
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 1595 k$ F# \) k3 c4 T) {
16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 1606 S3 k* N O1 ^ d" r0 f* w, L0 F
Review 161
8 X( ?4 l7 v k) T17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 1632 G! z3 I9 u. q$ w2 f6 ]$ d. b
17.1 Genetic Linkage 163: S5 t+ T1 v( T7 J
17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 1646 J+ f' F; o) u& A2 e
17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165
2 q. u, L) s% [& x0 ^! W3 O" Y17.2 Positional Cloning 165
$ r4 g! d1 N/ u6 ~9 c0 a7 m& h17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 166
, D, w! s- X) b2 {! k/ `3 V' j( m17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 167
2 l. Z% Q! |6 e1 H& m8 d" Q17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 167' i- k; \$ W7 X* q% V! ^# L6 T
17.3 Exon Amplification 168
* N0 h: t# }! T5 R. j# X6 t17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 1697 ]6 |9 u4 D' B
Review 1703 ?! v8 N! }/ n O
18. Human Gene Therapy 171
9 q0 u3 T- Q: E1 i18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 172
% W3 E: t& p$ z18.2 Biological Methods 173
, S7 }0 n7 x4 [+ f& x. t9 @- V18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173# a4 _: N1 e& a. D( j5 a; J
18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 173
_0 `# l6 S+ {2 A; O18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined
- b; X( s; e) r5 a. D. LImmune Deficiency 174% w- C1 C, d0 r0 b" ~! g9 t- j
18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 175* d# B S/ a. m2 Z7 M; V
18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 1762 H3 t( R% @6 n) v3 ?
18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 1760 N' L$ s$ o% {, p3 w
Review 176# q: H2 I( n, {5 W2 i
19. Gene Targeting 179: C$ `2 i* n: Q$ m* e) ]
19.1 Recombination 179
4 P' ^; @7 S! u$ u19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 1805 q' H; H$ h4 q9 K
19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 182
, I0 D; o" F, i4 F9 ]19.3.1 The PCR Method 182
V, ^, C$ K! n5 ]* v6 b- E19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 183 g* h) H$ [# s$ M9 n( J- ]
19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183
0 F" ~: Y9 A( x; ~. b19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 184
$ R3 a# ?1 u' A1 s2 vReview 186
4 G7 e0 A; s6 J; A# N20. DNA Typing 187/ U, @5 Y7 S$ V; z- f3 v
20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 187
: X6 L' }) ^1 B' l* R20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 188
) p9 C- c1 Q9 u' f2 X2 j20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 189( W, T! O; c, f+ a8 W* G
20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 190( P: h1 Y3 u' `1 c& Y8 x) ]3 ?
20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191; N. R+ \& f! J$ y7 d. O
20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 1929 _! s) N. g, s P$ c
20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 193
+ c2 e) c1 K" `9 J( RReview 196
% _7 j6 r# @/ S0 Z" d21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical
& F( f1 D, Z' m( J8 t6 I8 h6 f1 UProducts 197
4 T% U* P' Y6 u6 z5 P! e, c. R21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic% b4 f( j6 y( j0 J8 T5 y/ M6 z8 M
Animals 198# d$ {! q) H1 Q7 u! c% i/ F/ f) I" c& Q
21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198
# ~# J$ x3 N: B1 U1 H4 r* DReview 199
$ X2 z# l% E! I* z22. Animal Cloning 2012 t- Z7 q5 |/ [! M0 x: M
22.1 Cell Differentiation 2017 t& }: r: E8 |
22.2 Nuclear Transfer 202" i# k' Z+ c3 r/ f- g: r. `
22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 203) o: x# Y+ ]6 c2 g( k" J
Review 2045 Z3 V8 n9 N& N/ T! a
23. Human Genome Sequencing 205- K- {1 f' E3 P, v9 r4 e% \
23.1 Genetic Maps 205
( p4 _, m5 N7 c/ G9 m+ |23.1.1 DNA Markers 206
% p4 E. |8 e- Y' U2 P, }23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 206- e8 U+ w1 d+ [: U6 V
23.2 Physical Maps 207, t: ?0 {- ~: s4 K C: L
23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 207# r+ L- z" \+ @$ j6 f; O$ }
23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 208" _4 P. } T* F
23.2.3 Clone Libraries 208
* e- l3 v2 Y3 m- O4 k3 J23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209* W8 b& _. C/ ]0 M; |5 h
23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 210
l9 a$ _7 x9 h' q& \23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 211
: _) I5 S! }& Z! P8 H. l23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 211
" B$ J2 J5 T/ Q* |* X, ?% M1 x23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212' O) q4 X4 }) y/ c& r
Review 213" w( f5 U* _! ]5 J* [: X0 j$ L6 E0 F
References 215" U7 x9 L% {/ }
Index 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
