失代偿（Decompensation）

已有 887 次阅读 2017-12-18 11:09

decompensation is the functional deterioration of a structure or system that had been previously working with the help of allostatic compensation. Decompensation may occur due to fatigue, stress, illness, or old age. When a system is "compensated", it is able to function despite stressors or defects. Decompensation describes an inability to compensate for these deficiencies. It is a general term commonly used in medicine to describe a variety of situations.

For example, cardiac decompensation may refer to the failure of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation, after long-standing (previously compensated) vascular disease (see heart failure). Short-term treatment of cardiac decompensation can be achieved through administration of dobutamine, resulting in an increase in heart contractility via an inotropic effect.[1]

Kidney failure can also occur following a slow degradation of kidney function due to an underlying untreated illness; the symptoms of the latter can then become much more severe due to the lack of efficient compensation by the kidney.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decompensation

失代偿

是指机体对你身体的变化不能做出代偿，会造成机体平衡被打破的意思
肝硬化失代偿期就是肝硬化晚期的症状表现，一般指肝硬化发展到一定程度，超出肝功能的代偿能力，临床有明显的病理变化。主要表现为肝功能损害，有门脉高压，脾大，腹水、肝性脑病或上消化道出血，这个时期叫做肝硬化失代偿期。
病因
引起肝硬化的病因很多，我国以病毒性肝炎最为常见，国外则以酒精中读居多。
1、病毒性肝炎：主要为乙型病毒性肝炎，其次为丙型或乙型加丁型重叠感染和戊型一般不发展为肝硬化。
2、日本血吸虫病：我国长江流域血吸虫病流行区多见。反复或长期感染血吸虫病者，，虫卵及其毒性产物在肝脏汇管区刺激结缔组织增生，导致肝纤维化和门脉高压，称为血吸虫病性纤维化。
3、酒精中毒：长期大量饮酒者，酒精及其中间代谢产物（乙醛）直接损害肝细胞，降低对某些毒性物质的抵抗力，酗酒所致的长期营养失调也对肝脏起一定的损害作用。
4、药物或化学毒物：长期服用某些药物如双醋酚丁、甲基多吧等可引起中毒性肝炎，最终演变为肝硬化。
5、胆汁淤积：持续存在肝外胆管阻塞或肝内胆淤积时，高浓度的胆汁酸和胆红素对肝细胞有损害作用，肝细胞变性坏死，纤维组织增生，导致肝硬化。
6、慢性充血性心力衰竭、缩窄性心包炎、肝静脉或下腔静脉阻塞等使肝脏长期淤血，肝细胞缺氧、坏死和结缔组织增生，最后发展为肝硬化。
以上一种或多种病因长期作用于肝脏，均可导致肝细胞变性坏死，再生结节形成，弥漫性结缔组织增生，假小叶形成。
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1113631830244076099.html