Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts

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" e* v* @3 W  u! ~. D! B! u: SEmbryonic Stem Cell Lines
+ e" o  O# C& N1 e! W1 tDerived from Human$ A5 z# e* r) m$ p8 s$ ?
Blastocysts+ |. |9 n- q+ ~1 X+ p  @! J
James A. Thomson,* Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor, Sander S. Shapiro,& v+ D+ H7 I- u' F  N8 g/ x, ?) [, Z; M
Michelle A. Waknitz, Jennifer J. Swiergiel, Vivienne S. Marshall,6 {' Z2 @8 E7 P- m+ `
Jeffrey M. Jones1 N& u5 T! n3 b
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal
8 \/ L- s8 O! j, S, f6 Fkaryotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface. F" n8 ?- j$ Y: S
markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize
% E4 K! h' y! @2 Q- U$ ]other early lineages. After undifferentiated proliferation in vitro for 4 to 5
3 {& Z  p% n( K, {months, these cells still maintained the developmental potential to form trophoblast
, l7 X5 U$ J" Nand derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers, including gut+ ]% I& B5 |$ V6 G+ P
epithelium (endoderm); cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, and striated muscle
2 I# ~- `+ _# g. J(mesoderm); and neural epithelium, embryonic ganglia, and stratiÞed squamous, w, M5 s2 q2 C% W9 k; p
epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human developmental
  c* q/ P' Z6 hbiology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine.4 q+ e3 e6 H* z; z- C7 ^8 c
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